Vascular Injuries Caused by Tear Gas Shells: Surgical Challenge and Outcome

vascular injuries caused by tear gas shells: surgical challenge and outcome

dec 2009 were studied. patients with vascular injuries caused by causes other than tear gas shells were excluded from the study. results: all patients were treated with reverse saphenous vein graft as segmental loss was less than 2.5 cm. wound infection was the most common complication, followed by graft occlu-sion. amputation rate was 16.66%. associated nerve injury occurred in 44.44% of the p...

Eye burns caused by tear gas.

LACRIMATORS are compounds which, in gaseous form in extremely small concentrations, act as conjunctival irritants. Chemically, almost all are halogenized organic substances. Because of a loose mesomer connexion the halogen atom is very reactive. Duke-Elder (1954) listed more than ten liquid or solid tear producers. Chloracetophenon (Fig. 1) has been that most frequently used for many years, and...

Experimental injuries of the eye caused by a tear gas pen gun loaded with ortho-chlorobenzalmalononitrile.

Surgical management of axillosubclavian vascular injuries

OBJECTIVE Complex surgical exposures to upper extremity injuries required for conventional surgery correlate with a high morbidity and mortality. We present our results with conventional surgery following injuries of the subclavian and axillary vessels. METHODS Between November 2007 and March 2012, 29 cases with subclavian-axillary vascular injury were operated. Diagnostic and treatment metho...

Health impacts of chemical irritants used for crowd control: a systematic review of the injuries and deaths caused by tear gas and pepper spray

BACKGROUND Chemical irritants used in crowd control, such as tear gases and pepper sprays, are generally considered to be safe and to cause only transient pain and lacrimation. However, there are numerous reports that use and misuse of these chemicals may cause serious injuries. We aimed to review documented injuries from chemical irritants to better understand the morbidity and mortality assoc...